Histoire de l'art par les monuments...

002

Commencement of the decline of Architecture in the reigns of Septimus Severus, Diocletian, and Constantine. Second, third, and fourth centuries


1. Bas-relief in terra-cotta, preserved in the Museum of the Capitol at Rome. We have here an example of arches supported on isolated columns.

2. Elevation of the principal door of the Palace of Diocletian at Spaltro, called the golden door; the arcades and niches, enriched with columns and pilasters, supported by corbels; third century.

3. Façade of part of the Baths of Diocletian at Rome, called Tablinum; third century.

4. Side elevations of the octagonal Temple of Jupiter, within the enclosure of the Palace of Diocletian at Spalatro, the portico with niches supported by columns; third century.

5. Part of the façade of the Baths of Diocletian, at Rome, presenting an example of an entablature interrupted by an arch, and arched windows supported by columns; third century.

6. Front of a sarcophagus from the Villa Albani; the bas-reliefs separated by columns carrying arches. Examples of this are frequent on the sarcophagi found in the Catacombs, which would give an early date to the employment of columns supporting arches instead of architraves.

7. Elevation of the Arch of Septimus Severus, at the foot of the Capitol at Rome; second century.

8. View of an interior court of the Palace of Diocletian at Spalatro; third century: engraved on a large scale in pl. iii.

9. Arch of Constantine at Rome; this monument marks the principal epoch of the decline of Architecture; fourth century.

10. Details of the eggs in cornice, no. 13, taken from an Arch of Trajan to form the parapet of that of Constantine.

11. The same ornaments rudely sculptured in the cornice, no. 12, of the time of Constantine.

12. Portions of the great cornice of the Arch; of the time of Constantine.

13. Portions of the same cornice taken, it is believed, from an arch of Trajan, which decorated to entrance of the Forum of that Emperor.

14. Detail of the ornaments, elegantly carved on the lower member of the cornice, no. 13, taken from the Arch of Trajan.

15. The same, scarcely roughed out, taken from the cornice, no. 12.

16. Base and capital of the fine columns taken from the Arch of Trajan, and placed on a heavy and inelegant pedestal, of the time of Constantine.

17. Capital of a pilaster, from the Arch of Trajan, adapted to a pilaster too large and a base badly profiled.

18. Modillion of cornice, no. 12; time of Constantine.

19. Modillion from the Arch of Trajan, of very superior execution.

20. Impost and archivolt of the side arches; time of Constantine.

21. Cornice, serving as impost to the great center arch, and archivolt, enriched with ornaments in the best style; from the Arch of Trajan.

22. Console, forming the key-stone of the Arch of Septimus Severus; elegant composition.

23. Console, forming the key-stone of the Arch of Constantine; poor in style and badly executed.





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